Concerning human health, it can be likened to a gigantic matrix that is impregnated with various difficulties required to cover the already established vast common medical grounds.
Whether it is the common cold or other long-term illnesses, knowledge of these diseases enables people to adopt proper medical behaviors with regard to treatment and disease prevention.
This article seeks to cover the details of the common ailments that plague human beings in their day to day activities and the necessary medical procedures that accompany them.
Common Cold
- Symptoms: That typical illness, referred to as the common cold which is mostly due to rhinoviruses, has manifestations such as a runny or stuffy nose, sore throat, coughing, sneezing, and may even lead to fever. It commonly extends for a week or so but the intensity differs from one person to another.
- Causes: The common cold is easily transmissible and the virus circulates through the air when a sick person coughs, sneezes, or even speaks. The virus also spreads through touching objects and surfaces that have the virus on them and then touching the mouth, face, or eyes.
- Treatments: Management of the common cold entails administration of drugs that control the various symptoms indicated by the patient. One may get relief by taking a rest, having adequate amounts of fluids, using non-prescription for colds like decongestants, and pain killers, and lozenges for sore throat. To clarify, antibiotics do not work on viral infections such as the flu or colds because viruses are a type of germ that antibiotics cannot kill.
Influenza (Flu)
- Symptoms: Symptoms resembling the common cold are shown by influenza that is caused by the influenza viruses but they are generally more severe. Signs include high fever, rigors, myalgia, general weakness, dry cough, sore throat, and coryza.
- Causes: It is caused by the influenza virus and is easily spread through the air by coughing and sneezing and it can also be caught by touching a contaminated surface. Influenza is caused by viruses, and there are different types of influenza viruses; there are even different strains of influenza viruses, and they can change over a period of time which creates seasonality.
- Treatments: However, antiviral drugs such as oseltamivir also known as Tamiflu can be helpful in managing influenza by shortening the severity of the condition provided that they are taken at the initial stages of the disease. Other measures include giving symptomatic treatment, more rest, plenty of fluids, and safer taking over-the-counter drugs.
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Allergies
- Symptoms: Symptoms of allergy are many faceted but may range from sneezing, stuffy or runny nose, irritation or watering of eyes, skin rash, hives, swelling, and in the worst cases, anaphylaxis.
- Causes: An allergy is a condition in which the body’s immune system reacts to a substance that is typically harmless like pollen, pet fur or skin flakes, dust mites or other small insects or spiders, some food, or bee or wasp sting. All possible factors that can be associated with allergen development include genetic and environmental factors.
- Treatments: Prolific sensitization to allergens is a major component to the constant battle and management of allergies and requires a sharp focus on parts recognized and banned in different livelihoods. Antihistamines that can be purchased at a store, corticosteroids that are administered in nasal, decongestants, and immunotherapy that involves shots are some of the available treatments. In extreme situations, an Rx drug or an administration of a shot of epinephrine may be needed.
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Asthma
- Symptoms: Asthma features a periodical attack of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest stiffness and cough, which is worse at night or in the early morning. These may be moderate to very acute and may be caused by allergens, physical activity or cold environment, or infections.
- Causes: Asthma is characterized by inflammation of the bronchi which is long-term and, in many cases, hereditary. Those factors and conditions like allergens, respiratory infections, irritants, and exercises can also worsen the situation since they cause swelling and narrowing of the airways.
- Treatments: Treatment of asthma includes long-term control medication that are inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta-agonists used to prevent symptoms and its acute exacerbation and the quick-relief medication that is short-acting beta-agonists. Hence, avoiding known triggers and the presence of an asthma action plan are do’s of asthma management.
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Diabetes Mellitus
- Symptoms: To distinguish it from the other types, type 2 diabetes is diagnosed at a gradual onset and features include fatigue, increased thirst, frequent urination, blurred vision, slow healing of wounds and unexplained weight loss in the type one. Type 2 diabetes does not have any clear symptom at the beginning; in some cases they may not experience any symptom at all.
- Causes: Type 1 diabetes occurs when the body immune system inappropriately attacks the insulin producing cells in the pancreas hence low insulin levels. Type 2 diabetes is characterised by the body’s inability to make proper use of the insulin or perhaps not producing enough of it. What causes it include heredity, being overweight, lack of physical activity, and an unhealthful diet.
- Treatments: Diabetes management is the process of keeping the blood glucose level as close to normal as possible to avoid the development of ailments. lifestyle changes includes taking balanced diets, engaging in physical activities, change in weight, checking on the blood glucose levels and the use of tablets or insulin to regulate the glucose.
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High blood pressure
High BP which is also known as hypertension is a health condition in which the pressure of the blood against the walls of arteries is high.
- Symptoms: This is mainly because hypertension is known as the “the silent killer” because it rarely exhibits symptoms until the development of more serious conditions. More severe signs include; head ache, difficulties in breathing, nasal haemorrhaging, and giddiness.
- Causes: Primary/benign hypertension has no specific cause however, it is inherited by genetic and environmental factors like diet, exercise, obesity and stress. Secondary hypertension may be caused by conditions including chronic kidney disease, adrenal disease as well as the use of some drugs.
- Treatments: Lifestyle changes are the main foundations of treatment of hypertension and they include; decrease in salt intake, the DASH diet, increased physical activity, weight loss, reduced alcohol intake, and management of stress. If lifestyle changes do not help, pharmacological therapy may include diuretics, ACE inhibitors or ARBs, calcium channel blockers or beta-blockers may be prescribed.
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Conclusion
Medical literacy means people recognizing such diseases’ signs, causes, and viable methods of addressing them, allowing for clients to practice self-progression.
Thus, some conditions are temporary and can be resolved by the person without the intervention of professional help, while other conditions are chronic and need constant monitoring and treatment.
Thus it is important to be up to date on the new developments in the medical science and access healthcare when the need arises as this will help to promote and enhance the health status of a person and therefore will improve the quality of life.
Of course, it is always recommended to seek a doctor’s opinion and get advised and treated accordingly to your condition.
